Offshore, a wellhead located on the production platform is called a surface well, and if it is underwater a subsea well or mudline well. For exploration wells that are later abandoned, the wellhead can be reclaimed for refurbishment and reuse. Wellheads are typically welded to the first string of casing, cemented in place during drilling, to form an integral structure of the well. Surface pressure control is provided by a christmas tree installed on top of the wellhead, with isolation valves and choke devices to control the flow of well fluids during production. When the well is drilled, it is completed to establish an interface with the reservoir rock and a tubular channel for the well fluids. If the pressure during drilling is not controlled by the column of drilling fluid, the casings, the wellhead and the BOP, a blowout of the well may occur. The main purpose of a wellhead is to provide the suspension point and pressure seals for the casing strings running from the bottom of the wellbore to the surface pressure control equipment.ĭuring drilling of the oil well, the surface pressure is controlled by a blowout preventer (BOP). A wellhead is the component on the surface of an oil or gas well that provides the structural and pressure-containing interface for the drilling and production equipment.
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